Method of and apparatus for operating electric motors



Aug. 18, 1931. c. s. wEYANDT .1,819,008

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS' FOR OPERATING ELECTRIC., IG'IORS origina FiledFeb. 1, 1925 Patented Aug. 18, 1931 I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CARLS. WEYANDT, 0F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOB TO OENTBAL ELEC- TRICTOOL COMPANY, 0F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION 0F PENN-SYLVANIA METHOD 0F AND APPARATUS FOB OPERATING ELECTRIC MOTORS Originalapplication led February 1, 1926, Serial No. 85,245.

Divided and this application led June 1,

1928. Serial N0. 282,103.

My invention relates to a method of and apparatus for operating electricmotors o the reciprocating, oscillatory or vibratory type, particularlysuch as are utilizable as percussive tools for drilling, cutting,chipping, riveting or otherwise working metal, stone, concrete and thelike, and particularly for tamping railway ballast, or earth, as aroundpoles or posts, or such as backfill in ditches.

Further in accordance with m invention, in riveting, tamping, and otherelds of application oi tools of this general character, a plurality oftools may be operated in phase from a source of alternating current,causing simultaneous impacts upon the tamping tools, rivet sets, and thelike, whereby the Simultaneous blows are moreeifective, under certaincircumstances, than single blows or single blows occurring at differenttimes.

Further in accordance with my invention, under suitable circumstances,two or more tools may be operated at the same frequency, but caused tostrike the tamping bars, rivet sets or the like dis-simultaneously.

Further in accordance with my invention, I may utilize a polyphasesource of alternating current and operate one or more motors from onephase and one or more motors from the other phase; and for such purposein accordance with my invention a system is provided for transferringone or more motors from one phase to another of a polyphase source oicurrent.

My invention further resides in a method and apparatus of the characteras hereinafter described and claimed. v

This ap lication is a division from my application gerial No. 85,245 forreciprocating motor, filed February 1, 1926, patented August 14, 1928,No. 1,680,311.

Fig. l is a vertical sectional view, partly 1n elevation, of a ballastor tie tamper suitable for my system. o

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of circmt arrangements utilizable withapluralit of reciprocating motors for eifectin b ows either in or out ofphase with each ot er.

i Fig. 8 is a plan view of a railway tie with a pluraiity of tampersoperating thereon.

Fig. 4 is a view, partly in section, illustrating the application of myinvention to.

riveting.

Referring to Fig. 1, the ballast or tie tamper which is specicallydescribed and claimed in application Serial No. 85,245 above referredto, comprises an outer magnetic housing or casing 15, having endportions 16 and 19 clamped thereto by tie rods 21. Handles 20 and 54 aresecured to one of said end portions, and spring buder structure 47 forco-operatiug with the reciprocating core system in a manner hereinafterdescribed, is disposed between one of said handles and its end portion.

Within the magnetic housing is 'supported the field producing structure,comprisin separate field windings 5 and 6, and groups o laminations, 2,3 and 4 which determineair gaps 3a in the magnetic circuits formed bythe magnetic housing and laminations.

A reciprocating core system comprising a magnetizable core 24 and non-maetic su porting guide rods 25 and 26 slide le in suitable bearings 28and 29, is adapted to move alternately into engagement with a tool shank37 and the aforesaid spring bader structure under the influence ofalternate magnetic irnpulses transmitted through the respective air gapsto the magnetizable core. The spring buier serves not only to cushionthe rearward blow of the core system but also to restore kinetic energyabsorbed thereby to the core in its initiai ieorward or working stroke.A core-stepiuhricating member 45 is disposed between the buffer and coresystem, and is slidabie to a limited degree within lubricating bearing43. The laminations, ieid coiis and guide bearings are all positionedwith respect to a central tubular guide member 1 within which the core`system .reciprocates A suitable extension 35 supports and guides tool42, which may he a conventional tamper or similar percussive tool. f

The above description is considered adequate to cover the operation andconstruction of the reciprocating motors which, per se, do notconstitute my present invention but relate thereto as elements of myoperating system, hereinafter described.

Referring to Fig. 2, there are shown alter-. nating current supplyconductors a, b and o, delivering polyphase alternating current, forexam le, a two phase current. The current for ase A is delivered, forexample, by the con uctors a and b, and the current for the phase B isdelivered by conductors b and o. In the case of the usual two phasecurrent, the electro-motive-force waves of the two i@ phases are inquadrature. Y

Across the conductors a; and b is -connected the primary of atransformer T provided with two secondaries delivering current, respectively, to the filaments or cathodes f and f1 of thermicnic valveswhose auodes or plates are indicated et and p1. The valves areconnected, respectively, in circuit with the windings 5 audit, whosecircuits are closed upon closure ot switch s, of a reciprocating 2omotor M1 of an suitable structure, including the structure ot thecharacter shown in Fig. 1, andutilized for striking the tamping tool 42,which operates upon the ballast or broken stone 5? to drive it to place,and particularly to temp it under the railway tie 58, upon which aresecured the rails 59. simllar motor M2 may he thrown into parallel withthe motor Ml, by closure of the switch 60, either through the samevalves supplying motor Ml or through a separate valve system connectedto the same phase, whereby the tamping tools 42 of the two motors willbe simultaneously struck by the moving systems or plungers o the twomotors. IThis operaee tion ot the tamphi or other tools 42, at the samefrequency .an in phase with each other, is of advantage in variousrelations, as in tamping, and, as indicated in Fig. 4f, for rivsting,where the rivet sets 6l simultaneously strike the rivet 62 for securingthe plates 63 and 6l to each other.

in tamping particularly, this striking of the tamping tools at the sameinstants is 'of advantage, for the broken stone or ballast is the morereadily and eeiently com acted and forced into pcsitionunder a tie. 'sisparticularl true when the two tamping bars 42 are use on oppositesides of and at the same end of a tie 58, which in Fig. 2 is shown inend view. it is understood, however, that the tamping tools may bestruck at the same instants, though they may be applied in differentrelative positions with respect to or along the tie.

' Where it is desired that the tools, such as tamping bars, rivet setsor any other type of tool in any field of a lication of the motors,shall be struck at diirent instants, the motors may be operated out ofphase, so to speak, Y

causing impacts upon their associated tools at dierent instants byconnecting a second motor, tor example, M2, through the multiple poleswitch 65 with 'switch 60 open with similar valve structure supplied byphase B 65 through conductors b and c. Intlns the tools 42, for example,will be struck the same number of times per unit of time, but not at thesame instants. It is obvious that suitable interconnecting means betweenswitches and may be utilized if desired to prevent their simultaneousclosure.

In Fig. 3 the tie 58 and rails 59 are shown in plan with the motors M1and M2 used at one end of the tie 58, on opposite sides thereof, causingeither simultaneous or dis-simultaneous actuation of the tools 42,depending upon whether the switch 60 be closed with switch 65 open, orthe switch 65 closed and switch 60 open. Simultaneously, at the otherend of the tie, on opposite sides thereof, there may he used tampingtools operated by the motors M3 and M4, whose tools 42 may be struckeither simultaneously or at ditlerent instants.

Or two tools, driven, for exam le, by motors M1 and M3, on the same si eof a tie, at opposite ends or at different positions longitudinallythereof, may have their tools 42 either simultaneously ordisfsimultaneously struck by the motor mechanism.

Or a pair of motors M2.and M3, on opposite sides of the tie, and atvdifferent positions longitudinally thereof, may have their tools 42either simultaneously or dis-simultaneously struck.

It will be apparent that the electromagnetic motor structure may takedi'erent form than herein illustrated. For example, the movable core orarmature member may partake of movement about a pivotal position inresponse to energization of held-producing structure, instead of idedrectilinear alternate movement herein described. Furtheri more, it isnot essential that the armature member move freely to eiect impact orper- 105 cussion. For example, the said armature may have a membersecured thereto, as a screen so that said member acts as a continuousload upon the armature.

For the purpose of brevity in the app ended claims, the termcreciprocating is intended toinclude broadly alternate motion betweentwo limits, and is not limited to alternate rectilinear motion or tofree alternate motion as contrasted with alternating motion wherein arestraining force continually manifests itself.

What I claim is:

1. The combination with a polyphase source of current, of a plurality oreciproeating motors each comprising a reciprocating core system andelectro-magnetic actuating means therefor, and switchin mechanism lforbrin g the electro-magnetic actuating means o said motors into commonassociation either with one phase. or dierent phases of said source.

2. The combination with' a polyphase source of current, of a plupalityof reciprocating motors, each comprising a reclprocating 13 core systemand electrogmagnetic actuating means therefor, and switc 'ng mechanismfor bringing the electro-magnetic actuating means of each of said motorseither into parallel relation with each other for energization Afrom onephase, or into inde endent association with different phases o saidpolyphase source of current.

3. The combination with va polyphase source of current, of a pluralityof reciproeating motors, each comprising a reciprocating core systemgandelectro-magnetic actuating means therefor, and switching mechanism forbringing correspondin electromagnetic 'actuating means of eac of saidmotors either into parallel relation with each other for energizationfrom one phase to cause their respective reciprocating core systems tomove in phase with each other, or into independent association withdifferent phases of said polyphase source of current to cause said coresystems to reciprocate at the same frequency and to deliver blowsdissimultaneously.

4. The combination with sources of current delivering fluctuating oralternating currents of the same frequency but differing in phase, of aplurality of recipocating motors, each comprising a reciprocating coresystem and electro-magnetic means for actuating it, asymmetricalconductors connected between therespective sources of alternatingcurrent and indlvidual motors, and means for relating the respectiveelectro-magnetic means with their corresponding asymmetrical conductorsfor causing said core systems to reciprocate at the same frequency andto deliver-blows dis-simultaneously.

5. A system comprising a source of alternating current, a plurality ofreciprocating motors each comprising a reciprocating armature` systemand electro-ma etic actuating means therefor, and switc ing mechanismfor connecting the electro-ma etic actuatin means of said motors to saidsource and se ectively operable to effect movement of their armaturesystems out of phase with each other or in phasewith each other. 6. Asystem comprising a source of alternat-ing current, at least tworectiiers, a plurality of reciprocating motors each comprising areciprocating armature system and electro-magnetic actuating meanstherefor, and switching mechanism selectively operable to connect theelectro-ma netic actuatlng means of at least one of sai motors to one oranother of said rectiiiers to effect a desired phasel relation of themovements of the armature systems of said motors.

CARL S. WEYAND'I'.

